As global energy demand continues to grow, a handful of massive oil refineries play a central role in turning crude oil into fuels and industrial products that keep economies running. Spread across Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and the Americas, these facilities process hundreds of thousands of barrels of crude oil every day.

Below is a look at the ten largest oil refineries in the world by installed processing capacity.

1. Jamnagar Refinery Complex – Gujarat, India
   Owned by Reliance Industries, the Jamnagar complex is the largest refinery in the world. Sitting on more than 7,000 acres, it can process about 1.24 million barrels per day (bpd). The facility supplies a significant share of India’s fuel needs and includes advanced units for cracking, desulphurisation, and blending.
2. Paraguana Refinery Complex – Falcón, Venezuela
   Operated by PDVSA, this complex combines the Amuay, Cardón, and Bajo Grande refineries. With a total capacity of roughly 955,000 bpd, it remains a cornerstone of Venezuela’s refining system and hosts some of the world’s largest heavy-oil processing units.
3. Ulsan Refinery – Ulsan, South Korea
   South Korea’s largest refinery, run by SK Energy, processes about 840,000 bpd. The plant produces fuels such as petrol, diesel, jet fuel, LPG, and asphalt, supported by multiple distillation and upgrading units.
4. Yeosu Refinery – Yeosu, South Korea
   The Yeosu facility, operated by GS Caltex, has a capacity of 775,000 bpd. It is designed to convert heavier crude residues into lighter, high-value products like diesel and kerosene.
5. Onsan Refinery – Ulsan, South Korea
   Owned by S-Oil, the Onsan refinery processes approximately 669,000 bpd. In addition to fuels, it produces petrochemicals and lubricant base oils, supported by advanced cracking facilities.
6. Dangote Refinery – Lagos, Nigeria
   Africa’s largest refinery, developed by the Dangote Group, has a capacity of 650,000 bpd. The multi-billion-dollar project is expected to significantly reduce Nigeria’s dependence on imported fuel while supplying refined products across West Africa.
7. Port Arthur Refinery – Texas, United States
   Operated by Motiva Enterprises, the Port Arthur refinery processes about 600,000 bpd. It produces gasoline, jet fuel, distillates, and chemical feedstocks and is one of the largest refining sites in North America.
8. ExxonMobil Singapore Refinery – Singapore
   Run by ExxonMobil, this refinery spans multiple sites in Singapore and has a combined capacity of around 592,000 bpd. It integrates refining with petrochemical and aromatics production for both domestic use and exports.
9. ExxonMobil Baytown Refinery – Texas, United States
   Also operated by ExxonMobil, the Baytown refinery handles roughly 584,000 bpd. The sprawling complex includes chemical plants and a major technology centre, producing fuels, lubricants, and industrial chemicals.
10. Ras Tanura Refinery – Saudi Arabia
    Owned by Saudi Aramco, the Ras Tanura refinery processes about 550,000 bpd. It serves both Saudi Arabia’s domestic market and international customers, with facilities for crude distillation, reforming, and hydrocracking.

Together, these refineries represent the backbone of global oil processing, ensuring a steady supply of fuels and petrochemical products that support transportation, industry, and everyday life worldwide.