The United States is moving to tighten control over energy flows to Cuba, signing an executive order that could impose tariffs on countries supplying the island with crude oil. The step comes as Cuba struggles with fuel shortages, recurring blackouts, and limits on transportation and production.

The order, issued Thursday, declares a national emergency, citing Cuba’s energy policies as a threat to U.S. national security. While it does not specify exact tariff levels, the administration will evaluate penalties on a case-by-case basis after consulting the Departments of Treasury and Commerce.

President Donald Trump described Cuba as a “failed nation” and warned that continued outside support for its energy needs would become increasingly unsustainable. Cuban officials condemned the move, saying it could disrupt electricity generation, transport, industrial output, agriculture, healthcare, and water supply.
Mexico, a key supplier of oil to Cuba, is directly affected.

Reports indicate Pemex exports averaged around 17,200 barrels per day in 2025, a significant supply for the island despite being a small fraction of Mexico’s overall exports. Mexican officials stress that some shipments serve as humanitarian aid, alongside commercial contracts.

The new Cuba-focused order comes alongside a partial easing of U.S. restrictions on Venezuela’s energy sector.

Under a general license, U.S. companies can now operate in Venezuela under strict rules, including routing payments through a Washington-controlled bank account, following U.S. law, and avoiding dealings with entities tied to Russia, Iran, North Korea, or Cuba.

Energy analysts say the real-world impact will depend on how strictly the U.S. enforces the tariffs and whether suppliers are willing to continue shipments despite the risk. Cuba’s options for alternative sources remain limited due to logistical, financial, and political constraints.